Tuesday, 24 March 2015

Does Yatsenyuk rule corruption schemes in Ukraine?

Great scandal in Ukrainian state! On 18th March 2015 the Head of the Financial Inspection of Ukraine Mykola Hordiyenko named the Cabinet of Ministers of Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk the main source of corruption in the country and asserted that Yatsenyuk ruled corruption schemes in Ukraine. Hordiyenko made such assertion and told about corruption facts in the parliamentary session's hall on 18th March and in "Shuster live show" on Ukrainian 112th TV-channel on 20th March 2015. And earlier on 4th March 2015 A. Yatsenyuk wanted to organize an internal investigation of the Financial Inspection of Ukraine (FIU) and its chief and suspended M. Hordiyenko from his state post for two weeks. As Yatsenyuk said then, the reasons for this suspension of Hordiyenko were the next: the non-objective audit of the FIU of state enterprise "Antonov", the absence of effective control of state money and property, misuses of the FIU's inspectors in their audit of big state enterprises. So two weeks passed after Hordiyenko's suspension and Mykola Hordiyenko decided to tell Ukrainian people all what he discovered about Yatsenyuk's government, holding the post of the Head of the FIU.
I would like to note Mykola Hordiyenko was appointed to the post of the Head of the Financial Inspection of Ukraine on 5th April 2014. So what did Hordiyenko assert about Yatsenyuk and his Cabinet of Ministers last week? M. Hordiyenko reported that the FIU made nearly 4 thousands control measures of Ukrainian state ministries, monopolies, organizations and enterprises during his management and accused Yatsenyuk's government, which damaged Ukrainian state using corruption schemes in the amount of 7 billion 600 million hryvnias! Thus, in 2014 the inspectors of the Financial Inspection of Ukraine checked financial-economic activity of state "Ukrzaliznytsya" ("Ukrainian Railway") and revealed the country damages of 258 million hryvnias in investigating period from 1st January 2014 till 30th September; they audited "Ukrzaliznychpostach" ("Ukrainian Railway Supply") and found out state damages in the amount of 300 million hrivnias in checked period from 1st January 2014 till 13th October 2014; the FIU's employees inspected "Ukrgazvydobuvannya" ("Ukrainian Gas Output") and revealed 358 million 500 thousands hryvnias of the losses to Ukraine in the period from 1st January 2012 till 31st August 2013; they audited "Ukrtransgas" and ostended 219 million 400 thousand hryvnias of the damages for Ukrainian budget in investigated period from 1st October 2012 till 31st May 2014; the FIU checked "Ukrposhta" ("Ukrainian Post-Office") and counted state damages in the sum of 61 million 700 thousand hryvnias in inspected period from 1st January 2013 till 30th September 2014. The FIU's audit is lasting in all Ukrainian nuclear power plants, "Energoatom" ("Energy Atom"), "Atomkomplekt" ("Atom Complement"), but has already revealed precedent damages in the sum of 100 million hryvnias. What about the FIU's investigation of "Antonov", which was called non-objective by Yatsenyuk, the FIU's employees had sent it to Kyiv Scientific-Researching Institute of Court Expretises of Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, who completely confirmed a truth of the Act of the FIU's audit of "Antonov" enterprise.
But what FIU's verification of financial-economic activity of state organization was the most scandalous, that was the Financial Inspection of Ukraine's unscheduled audit of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine in 2014 for the period from 1st January 2011 till 1st April 2014. Though mainly it was checkup of previous Azarov's government and the FIU's checked 1 billion 46 million financial infringements in the actions of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and found out this ministry damaged Ukrainian state in the amount of 552 million hryvnias during the inspection's time. But Oleksandr Shlapak, present Adviser of Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk and former Minister of Finance of Ukraine from previous Yatsenyuk's government, sued on the Financial Inspection of Ukraine, being finance minister and demanding an abolition of the FIU's Act of the audit of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, which had been signed on 22nd September 2014. And present Ukrainian finance minister Nataliya Yaresko also doesn't recall her ministry's lawsuit against the Financial Inspection of Ukraine! Why? Why does present Ukraine's government block the investigation of corruption schemes, which had been ruled by Azarov's Cabinet of Ministers? Even more! The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine blocks staff appointments in regional subdivisions of the FIU after its inspection of ministry's actions in the past.
Managing by Mykola Hordiyenko, the Financial Inspection of Ukraine abolished electronic bills for supporting of Ukrainian coal mines in the amount of 1 billion 320 million hryvnias. Using own operational audit, the FIU didn't permit 5 billion 200 million financial breaches in state sector of economics, 4 billion 600 million of which weren't permitted in "Naftogaz Ukrayiny" ("Oil Gas of Ukraine").      
Accounting own activity on 112th TV-channel on 20th March, suspended Head of the Financial Inspection of Ukraine Hordiyenko told that he had reviewed the reports of his subordinate auditors about their inspection of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine in the day of his suspension from state post on 4th March 2015. It was the first time in Ukraine's history, when the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine (named Ministry of Transport and Communication of Ukraine until 9th December 2010) was inspected by the FIU! Checking 5 last years of the activity of this ministry, inspectors of the FIU found out the losses for Ukrainian state in the sum of 30 million hryvnias during 10 days of the FIU's audit.
And in M. Hordiyenko's opinion, the privatization of "Ukrtelecom" had been done, using corruption schemes in May of 2011. The FIU's auditors revealed the breach of the conditions of "Ukrtelecom" sale contract, according to which new "Ukrtelecom" proprietor had to make state special communication at his own expense in the amount of 220 million hryvnias. But this contract's condition was infringed and it was ostended by the FIU's financial auditors in their inspection of the Administration of State Service of Special Communication and Protection of Information of Ukraine (the FIU's inspected period was from 1st June 2010 till 9th May 2014). So why does Yatsenyuk's government not make any claim to "Ukrtelecom" purchaser, when conditions of that sale contract were breached? Why does present state power not return this strategic enterprise into state property, because the contract can be abolished providing of broken conditions of the contract?  
In general according to Ukrainian laws, the Financial Inspection of Ukraine can check scheduled and unscheduled audits of state enterprises, ministries, etc. only after getting court awards from the General Prosecutor of Ukraine to inspect this or that object of state sector of economics. But it looks like Prime Minister Yatsenyuk doesn't enjoy the FIU's investigations, that's why he created special resolution at the end of the second half-year of 2014, in which he permitted inspectors of the FIU to audit only after getting some errand of  the government or some appeal of this state object, which would like to be checked. Because of such Yatsenyuk's resolution, the Financial Inspection of Ukraine didn't inspect 353 court awards, which were sent by the Public Prosecutor's Office, didn't begin 634 revisions of state objects, didn't send own specialists to prosecutor's offices and police to check common control financial measures. So A. Yatsenyuk blocked the normal work of the FIU!
Reporting in the parliamentary tribune on 18th March 2015, M. Hordiyenko applied to Ukrainian people's deputies to control named facts of corruption schemes in the present Cabinet of Ministers and to initiate discharging of Yatsenyuk's government in the case of confirmation of such corruption facts by the General Prosecutor of Ukraine V. Shokin, to whom the Head of the Financial Inspections of Ukraine has already applied with known facts and accusations of today's government. Hordiyenko also pleased Ukrainian journalists, public organizations and society to support him in the fight against corruption and to protect him and his family from any pursue.
I hope soon it will be known who is right and who is wrong in that difficult situation. On 24th March 2015 the part of people's deputies from parliamentary fractions of "Petro Poroshenko's Block" and "Batkivshchyna", and several people's deputies out of all parliament's fractions appealed to the Speaker of the Parliament Volodymyr Hroysman to organize extraordinary parliamentary session on 27th March 2015 and to invite the General Prosecutor of Ukraine Viktor Shokin and the Head of the Financial Inspections of Ukraine Mykola Hordiyenko to investigate together the work of the Cabinet of Ministers of Arseniy Yatsenyuk.        

Wednesday, 18 March 2015

Wounded ATO heroes

War...How many human lives are lost, how many people are crippled in that war in Donbas in 2014-2015! On 6th March 2015 Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations Yuriy Serheyev named the official ciphers of the losses of Ukrainian warriors: 1541 killed and 6256 injured since the beginning of so-called ATO in Donbas in March, 2014. How many strong and healthy Ukrainian men became cripples because of this war! Here are a few short stories of mutilations of Ukrainian soldiers to understand war cruelty and its possibility to change human destiny forever. 
23-year-old Taras M., a soldier of the 128th separate mountainous-infantry brigade from Ivano-Frankivsk region, he had gotten hard wounds in Artemivsk during one battle with Russian enemies. Nowadays he has wounded abdomen, bladder and rectum and fractured pelvis' bones, and he breathes through special tube...39-year-old Valeriy K., a soldier-volunteer from Kharkiv region, was injured with a bomb in Staryy Aydar during mortar shelling of Russians. He has many fragmentation wounds, fractured ribs, broken thigh. His right hand was amputated to the elbow and his right lung was wounded throughout...22-year-old Viktor L., military man from Lviv region, had gotten heavy mutilations yet on 16th August 2014 in ATO zone, but one fragment of the exploded bomb still is in his spine and he can't walk also because of his wounded left side of the thorax, injuries of spinal cord, left shoulder and left lung, fractures of ribs and left shoulder-blade...24-year-old Oleksandr M., a soldier of the 26th Berdychiv separate artillery brigade from Zhytomyr region, had gotten hard injuries on 8th November 2014 in Donbas, after what had been moved to the hospital, where he was in coma and had two difficult operations earlier, and where stays now with wounded one leg, head, collar-bone and both lungs...22-year-old Volodymyr Sh. from Sumy region was crippled on 6th February 2015 in Debaltseve and then he had lost much blood. Now he can eat only through special tube, has concussion of the brain, face's fragmentation injuries and fractured jaw...21-year-old Yuriy Kh., a soldier of contract from Chernivtsi region, served in the 25th Dnipropetrovsk airborne brigade and had gotten multiple fragmentation wounds of whole body, when one fragmentation grenade tore near him in Kramatorsk on 29th July 2014. Doctors have already took out 47 fragments from his body, but some fragments still go out from the injuries. Besides it soldier is contused, has brain's slaughter and paralysis of the facial nerve, and acute left-sided deafness. Having several operations earlier, he still stays in the hospital and needs to put medical plate on absent part of the skull and aural implant on the left ear...26-year-old Oleksandr K., "Aydar" battalion's volunteer from Cherkasy was mutilated nearly Shchastya on 13th October 2014. Doctors removed him a spleen in the hospital, where he was in 3-days coma and had celebral edema, and now he remembers almost nothing...20-year-old Roman Ya., a soldier of contract from Volyn region, was shelled with bomb thrower on 9th November 2014 and got serious fragmentation injuries, especially in back and neck. He can't see out of left eye and can't hear out of right ear...25-year-old Ivan K., a soldier of the 39th Dnipropetrovsk battalion of territorial defence from Zaporizhzhya, was crippled during military missions in Kramatorsk, when one defective grenade tore in his hands, which he lost both. He also lost right eye and doctors try to save him left eye. And then he got multiple fragmentation wounds of the face and leg's trauma...35-year-old Oleh K., a soldier of the 128th separate mountainous-infantry brigade from Transcarpathian region, had gotten heavy traumas and burns as result of one explosion in Debaltseve. Then 40% of his body was burnt, but his face and both hands were involved the most in a burn...27-years-old Taras K., a soldier of the 80th aeromobile brigade from Ivano-Frankivsk region, was seriously mutilated in Donetsk airport in January of 2015. His one kidney and two lungs were injured and doctors had to remove that crippled kidney, and nowadays he still stays in the hospital's reanimation...31-year-old Roman H., a lieutenant of the 24th mechanized brigade from Lviv region, had been crippled very much in Debaltseve on 13th February 2015. Then he got fractures of the spine in three places and needs operation on his spine. He also has fragmentation wounds, fractures of several ribs and left hand. Doctors have already operated his torn lung, but what is the worst that he doesn't feel his body below breast bone...30-year-old Oleksandr T., a soldier of the 30th mechanized brigade from Zhytomyr region, had been wounded near Rubizhne in June of 2014 and had gotten bullet injury in the head and fragmentation injuries in the left shoulder. Earlier he was in hospital's reanimation and his right side of the body was totally paralysed and now his right hand still doesn't move. Bullet touched his brain and he is teaching to speak all over again, and needs the operations to remove the bullet from his head and to put platinum plate on the skull...52-year-old Kostyantyn M. from Chernihiv region had been mutilated in Debaltseve on 18th February 2015 and has fractures of right collar-bone, right shoulder and right shoulder-blade, concussion of both lungs, through-injury of right lung, subcutaneous emphysema of right side of breast bone...29-year-old Ivan Ya., a soldier of "Aydar" volunteer battalion from Poltava region, had gotten heavy bullet and fragmentation wounds of the head, two legs and one hand in Luhansk region on 15th October 2014. Then Russian terrorists took him in captivity, cut off his left ear and let him go only after 27 days of the captivity. Nowadays he needs an operation to remove one fragment from his head...24-year-old Dmytro P., a soldier-volunteer from Lviv region, had gotten injuries of abdomen and liver, fractures of collar-bones and ribs after one Russian shell of "Grad" on 28th October 2014. Beeing operated, he stays in medium-heavy state in the hospital...34-year-old Serhiy O., a soldier of the 25th "Kyiv Rus" volunteer battalion from Kyiv region, had gotten multiple fragmentation wounds of whole body, especially serious wounds of duodenum, intestine, abdomen after mortar shelling of Russians in Debaltseve on 10th February 2015...23-year-old Vadym D., officer of special service from Kirovohrad, lost left hand in one battle for Debaltseve, and lying in the snow during 4 days and losing the blood, he got deep frostbite of both feet, which were amputated in the hospital later...32-year-old Oleksandr S. from Ternopil had been wounded in Debaltseve on 5th February 2015, when some grenade exploded nearly him and crippled his face and one hand, tore off one leg...46-year-old Yuriy S., a soldier of the 25th "Kyiv Rus" volunteer battalion from Kyiv region, was injured in Debaltseve during mortar shelling of the enemies. His mutilations: fragmentation wound of neck, torn larynx, broken trachea, mandible and its teeth, fragments in right foot and left shoulder. He eats only through medical probe and can't speak...In January of 2015 one shell exploded near 26-year-old Andriy K., a soldier of the 95th aeromobile brigade from Zhytomyr region. That explosion burnt 30% of his body and wounded his right lung, right thigh, breast bone and abdomen. He dreams to find little girl, which he saved from another explosion near Slovyansk in the summer of 2014, when shell killed her parents...35-year-old Vitaliy P., a soldier of the 72nd mechanized brigade from Kyiv region, has strong headache and frequent losses of consciousness after one fight in ATO zone in August of 2014. Doctors operated the anomalous vessels in his head and he had a stroke in 3 days after that operation, and then - another operation and 10 days in coma. Since this time his left side of the body is paralysed and he often has convulsions. Coming back from Donbas, he went grey, began to stutter and get hard psychological traumas...31-year-old Arsen B., a soldier of the 24th mechanized brigade from Volyn region, was crippled in October of 2014, when Russian soldiers fired Ukrainian warriors in Luhansk region. Explosion of the shell mutilated his head and left eye and he can't see out of this eye. Doctors took out one fragment from the head and removed part of his skull. His right side of body is paralysed and he can't speak...26-year-old Andriy Z., a soldier of the 17th tank brigade from Kryvyy Rih, had been injured nearly Popasna on 13th October 2014 and since that time he has terrible pain because of the fragment in his wounded thigh. He had almost 20 operations on the leg, which was amputated above knee at last...24-year-old Oleksiy Z. from Vinnytsya region had been injured and contused on 2nd February 2015. He got injuries of the eyes, concussion of the brain, fractures of left wrist and mandible, amputation of both legs in the different places...20-year-old Oleksandr R., medical assistant of the 101st separate brigade of the defence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from Vinnytsya region, had been shelled with mortars and "Grad" near Debaltseve on 6th December 2014 and was seriously mutilated: broken ribs, injured lungs, liver and kidney...29-year-old Serhiy D., a soldier of the 72nd mechanized brigade from Kyiv region, was shelled and taken in the captivity for long 7 weeks by separatists of so-called DNR in September of 2014, but then he was exchanged. Bullet wounded his back, pelvis and abdomen and now he must take analgesics every day...21-years-old Vasyl B. from Kirovohrad region was attacked by Russian soldiers, when he was in the armored personnel carrier with other Ukrainian warriors in Debaltseve in February of 2015. He got heavy injuries of the face and broken left hand, and he lost wrist of right hand...
And it's written very small part of all sufferings of these brave Ukrainian men who were wounded in ATO zone, fighting for Ukraine. Those who saw a lot of blood, deaths of their fellows, horror of the war, hospital's reanimation. Who feel terrible pain and must struggle for own life again and again, but not on the field of the battle, but on the beds in the wards. Who became cripples in Ukraine, where the majority of public places is not adapted for them, where it's very hard to find them a job and to be normally integrated in the society like it's easy to do for the invalids in highly developed countries. And it will be unfair if I don't name You another existent problem of injured ATO heroes - frequent thefts of big sums from their bank accounts, which were opened in "Privatbank" to get money for needful operations. There are known at least 5 accidents of such thefts from "Privatbank" accounts of 5 Ukrainian soldiers since the beginning of 2015 year and the thieves aren't caught yet and money, gathered by various people for these Ukrainian warriors, aren't come back to bank accounts' owners. What a shameful treatment of present Ukrainian state power to the defenders of Ukraine, who lost their health in the fight for Ukrainian land.                                                        

Tuesday, 10 March 2015

Speculators devalued Ukrainian Hryvnia.

Ukrainian Hryvnia's devaluation of 2014-2015 years looks like purposely and previously thought-out large speculations. Hryvnia's exchange rate was stable during four and a half years and one American dollar equaled almost eight hryvnias since 21st August 2009 till 6th February 2014. But on 7th February 2014 Ukrainian monetary unit began to depreciate very rapidly and then official Hryvnia's rate decreased to 8,70 hryvnias per 1$, according to the official site of National Bank of Ukraine. http://www.bank.gov.ua/control/uk/curmetal/detail/currency?period=daily On 28th February 2014 1$ amounted to 9,98 hryvnias and in the end of March, on 28th March 2014 official exchange rate of Hryvnia was 1$=10,85 hryvnias, and in April of 2014 Ukrainian Hryvnia devalued to almost 13 hryvnias per 1$  (on 14th April 2014 1 USD=12,97 UAH), though afterwards Hryvnia a little bit increased. It seemed that Ukrainian Hryvnia's devaluation was just made up in someone's imagination, then was drawn on the paper by somebody or by some several persons, but it wasn't economically substantiated. 
In April of 2014, before presidential elections presidential candidate Petro Poroshenko promised to stabilize official Hryvnia's rate to less than 10 Ukrainian hryvnias per 1 American dollar in a case of his victory. Here are his thinkings about the exchange rate of Hryvnia and about people who took bank loans in the precedent years, and here is his promise of Hryvnia' stabilization to less than 10 UAH per 1 USD in these April's videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0T7kw3Ag88 and here:       


And on 25th May 2014 P. Poroshenko was elected the President of Ukraine, but he didn't keep his promise and already at the end of August of 2014 Hryvnia continued to depreciate, reaching the rate of almost 14 hryvnias per 1 dollar (1 USD=13,89 UAH on 27th August 2014). Though the largest devaluation of Ukrainian national currency started in November of 2014. Thus, on 6th November 2014 1 American dollar equaled 13,95 Ukrainian hryvnias, on 7th November 2014 1 dollar amounted to 14,47 hryvnias, on 10th November 2014 1 USD=14,80 UAH and on 11th November 2014 1 USD=15,77 UAH! But Hryvnia set its devaluation's record in February of 2015. Look at Hryvnia's official rate in the last month: 1 USD=16,72 UAH on 4th February 2015, 1 USD=18 UAH on 5th February 2015, 1 USD=23 UAH on 6th February 2015!, and the largest depreciation was on 26th February 2015, when 1 American dollar amounted to 30,01 Ukrainian hryvnias, after what Ukrainian currency's rate slowly increased to 22,89 hryvnias per 1 dollar on 6th March 2015. Just unbelievable rates as if National Bank of Ukraine excogitated such Hryvnia's rates how state power wanted, because daily decreases of Hryvnia's value hadn't economic reasons. 
And if president Poroshenko didn't keep his financial promise of Hryvnia's rate (less than 10 hryvnia per 1 dollar after his victory at presidential elections), so he is real lier and isn't a serious politician of global level. Serious politician must be responsible for own words, serious president or serious prime minister as politician of global level must retire, if he/she can't keep own promises, giving to society before presidential or parliamentary elections. So if Poroshenko would like to be serious politician, he must retire and announce new presidential elections in the country. But before it, of course, Valeriya Hontaryeva must be dismissed from the post of the Head of National Bank of Ukraine for such huge devaluation of Ukrainian Hryvnia. While many Ukrainian citizens live in poverty, economic crisis doesn't concern Hontaryeva's family, which lives luxury life. As newspaper "Vesti" wrote two weeks ago, 25-year-old Anton Hontaryev, son of the Head of NBU, traveled with his wife to India, France, Dominicana and Turkey during the last six months http://vesti-ukr.com/svetskie-vesti/90064-gontareva-ezdit-na-pjati-avto-i-uzhinaet-u-bassejna, meanwhile Russian troops kill, wound and take Ukrainian warriors in the captivity. And earlier main banker of Ukrainian state declared that her salary (10000 hryvnias per 1 month) was too small for such state post. It would be interesting to see how Hontaryeva could live with a salary as little pension of many Ukrainian pensioners (1500 UAH/month).
But the biggest quantity of the questions is to Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk, who was appointed on the main economic post in Ukraine by the majority of Ukrainian people's deputies yet on 22nd February 2014 in Ukrainian parliament. On 25th February 2015 A. Yatsenyuk said at the Cabinet of the Ministers' press-conference: "There are a lot of US dollars in Ukraine, but some people bought and buy share of American currency to make speculative activity in the country". How does Yatsenyuk rule in Ukraine, if speculators have more influence than the Prime Minister in the state?

And on 25th February 2015 the Minister of Finance of Ukraine Nataliya Yaresko explained that all what happened with Hryvnia had lately been the consequence of speculations at the common press-conference with the Head of NBU Valeriya Hontaryeva. So A. Yatsenyuk and N. Yaresko publicly admitted they knew about making speculations with Ukrainian Hryvnia lately. Why did they not stop speculators? Why do they not say the names of speculators or organizations to Ukrainian society? Why do they not assert about such persons or organizations to police, public prosecutor's office, court? Why does the Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov not stop speculative actions in bank sector of Ukrainian economy as former banker and owner of liquidated "Basis" bank, who must be well-oriented in bank sphere?
So members of Ukrainian state power say about speculators, but don't catch them!
       
Instead of it in March-May of 2014 Ukraine's government often told about Russian occupation of Crimea as the reason of huge Hryvnia's depreciation. But as counter-argument, Georgia had lost Abkhazia and South Ossetia after Russian-Georgian war in August of 2008, but Georgian Lari didn't devalue like Ukrainian hryvnia did. Searching present and past economic indicators of all world countries on this American site http://www.tradingeconomics.com, we can see exchange rate of Georgian Lari in the end of 2008 and now for comparison: 1,67 lari per 1$ on 31st December 2008 and 2,17 lari per 1$ on 6th March 2015, almost like on 31st December 2003, when 1 dollar equaled 2,19 lari. Practically without changes for 12 years! Do You know what Hryvnia's exchange rate was on 31st December 2003? 5,33 UAH per 1 USD!So, loss of state territories isn't a real reason of currency's devaluation and Georgia is the example of it.
Ukrainian state power also explains Hryvnia's devaluation as the result of long-term antiterroristic operation in Donbas, which is Russian-Ukrainian war in fact. But my another counter-argument here: Libya, where terror and chaos rule nowadays, where two governments and two parliaments function and are at enmity with each other, where armed conflicts occur between different local military formations, from where a lot of unemployed Libyans escape to Europe, searching work and peaceful existence there. In general Libyan state is very close to the beginning of civic war, so present political situation is more than just difficult there, but Libyan Dinar didn't and doesn't devalue. When Gaddafi's regime finally fell in October of 2011, 1 American dollar amounted to 1,24 Libyan dinar (31.10.2011) and now Dinar's rate is a few changed: 1$=1,35 dinar (06.03.2015). So why did Ukrainian Hryvnia devalue in 2014-2015?
Various politicians and so-called economic experts frighten Ukraine's population, talking about near default status in Ukrainian state, what influences on Hryvnia's exchange rate and devalues it. But, as example, Argentina, where state power declared default in the country on 31st July 2014. Then 1$ equaled 8,20 Argentinian Peso on the day of the second Argentinian default, and on 6th March 2015 1 American dollar amounted to 8,74 Argentinian pesos. As You see, small change happened with Argentinian currency's rate after second default in the history of Argentina. And Ukrainian currency depreciated very much...
And what must really frighten Ukrainian nation, that's close friendship between present Ukrainian state power and  American billionaire George Soros, who visited Ukraine at least three times during the last 12 months: in June of 2014, in Autumn of 2014 and in January of 2015 and had private and confidential meetings with the representatives of Ukrainian state power, as Ukrainian media (including presidential 5th TV-channel) talked earlier. Why do these meetings frighten? Because G. Soros is famous in the world for own largest speculations with English Pound Sterling and Italian Lira in September of 1992, when Pound Sterling and Lira were strongly devalued and were forced to leave European Monetary System, and national banks of Great Britain and Italy spent billions of own money from state reserves to stabilize their national currency's rate, though Italy feels consequences of that economic crisis nowadays too.